Conservation of mass
A balanced equation has equal atoms of each element on both sides
One sheet · NCERT · Board revision
Class 10 Science Formula Sheet
70 formulas from Mathematics and Science, chapter by chapter. Search, filter, copy, or print. This is a revision sheet — not a replacement for the textbook derivation.
Practice questions aligned to NCERT topics used in CBSE classrooms. These are original exam-oriented questions for revision — not official CBSE board papers and not a guarantee of any exam question. Always match the textbook issued by your school and the latest PDFs on ncert.nic.in and cbseacademic.nic.in.
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Water formation
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Combination
A + B → AB
Decomposition
AB → A + B
Displacement
A + BC → AC + B (A more reactive than B)
Double displacement
AB + CD → AD + CB
Neutralisation
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Oxidation (oxygen)
Gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen / electrons
From chapter list
e.g. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Acids, Bases and Salts
pH
pH = −log₁₀ [H⁺] (idea as taught)
pH scale
pH < 7 acidic; pH = 7 neutral; pH > 7 basic
Water ion product (idea)
H₂O ⇌ H⁺ + OH⁻
Washing soda
Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
Baking soda
NaHCO₃
Bleaching powder
CaOCl₂
Plaster of Paris
CaSO₄ · ½H₂O
Gypsum
CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
From chapter list
pH = −log10[H+] (idea)
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Metals and Non-metals
Ionic compound (idea)
Metal atom loses e⁻; non-metal gains e⁻
Rusting
4Fe + 3O₂ + x H₂O → 2Fe₂O₃ · x H₂O
Thermite (example)
Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃ + heat
Aqua regia
conc. HCl + conc. HNO₃ (3 : 1 by volume)
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Carbon and its Compounds
Tetravalency
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds
Homologous series
Successive members differ by −CH₂−
General alkane
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
General alkene
CₙH₂ₙ
General alkyne
CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
Alcohol general
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
Combustion (alkane idea)
CₓHᵧ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + heat
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Life Processes
Photosynthesis
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (light, chlorophyll)
Aerobic respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
Anaerobic (muscle)
Glucose → lactic acid + energy
Anaerobic (yeast)
Glucose → ethanol + CO₂ + energy
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Control and Coordination
Reflex path
Receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → effector
🔬 Class 10 · Science
How do Organisms Reproduce?
Sexual outline
Gametes fuse → zygote → embryo
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Heredity
Monohybrid F2
Phenotypic ratio 3 : 1
Dihybrid F2 (if asked)
Phenotypic ratio 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Human sex
XX female, XY male
From chapter list
F2 monohybrid 3:1
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Light – Reflection and Refraction
Laws of reflection
∠i = ∠r; incident ray, reflected ray and normal are coplanar
Mirror formula
1/v + 1/u = 1/f
Magnification (mirror)
m = h′/h = −v/u
Focal length (spherical mirror)
f = R/2
Snell’s law
n = sin i / sin r (= n₂/n₁)
Absolute refractive index
n = c / v
Lens formula
1/v − 1/u = 1/f
Magnification (lens)
m = h′/h = v/u
Power of a lens
P = 1/f (f in metres, P in dioptre)
Combination of thin lenses
P = P₁ + P₂ + …
From chapter list
1/v + 1/u = 1/f (mirror)
🔬 Class 10 · Science
The Human Eye and the Colourful World
Power of accommodation
Ability of the eye lens to change focal length
Myopia correction
Concave (diverging) lens
Hypermetropia correction
Convex (converging) lens
Prism deviation (idea)
White light splits into VIBGYOR
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Electricity
Current
I = Q / t
Ohm’s law
V = I R (temperature constant)
Resistance (material)
R = ρ l / A
Series
Rₛ = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + …
Parallel (two)
1/Rₚ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂
Parallel (two shortcut)
Rₚ = (R₁ R₂) / (R₁ + R₂)
Electric power
P = V I = I² R = V² / R
Electrical energy
E = P t = V I t
Heat (Joule)
H = I² R t
Commercial unit
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
From chapter list
V=IR; P=VI
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Right-hand thumb rule
Thumb → current; curled fingers → field
Fleming’s left-hand rule
Force on a current in a magnetic field (motor)
Fleming’s right-hand rule
Induced current (generator)
Domestic fuse
Fuse is in the live wire, in series
🔬 Class 10 · Science
Our Environment
10% law
About 10% of energy passes to the next trophic level
Also open
FAQs
Are these all official board formulas?
They are the standard NCERT relations used in CBSE Maths and Science papers. Always match the edition issued by your school.
Why are some Biology items short?
Biology is mostly definitions. Only equations and standard ratios (photosynthesis, Hardy–Weinberg, growth models) sit on this sheet.
Will a formula come as-is in the exam?
Often the paper asks you to use a formula, not recite it. Practise a numerical or a derivation after you memorise the line.