24 प्रश्न: 12 विकल्प, 6 लघु, 6 दीर्घ। प्रत्येक प्रश्न पर वर्ष टैग।
The immediate military spark of 1857 is linked to
सही विकल्प: B — Enfield cartridge rumour / एनफील्ड कारतूस की अफवाह
Many sepoys believed the new cartridge grease used cow and pig fat. / कारतूस की अफवाह ने सेना में आग लगाई।
Bahadur Shah Zafar was the symbolic leader at
सही विकल्प: C — Delhi / दिल्ली
Rebels declared the Mughal emperor at Delhi as the all-India face of the rising. / दिल्ली में मुगल बादशाह को प्रतीक बनाया गया।
The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn after
सही विकल्प: B — Chauri Chaura / चौरी-चौरा
Violence at Chauri Chaura (1922) led Gandhi to call off the movement. / हिंसा के बाद गांधी ने आंदोलन रोक दिया।
Dandi March (1930) was against
सही विकल्प: B — Salt law / नमक कानून
Gandhi walked to the sea and made salt, breaking the colonial salt monopoly. / नमक कानून तोड़ने का सत्याग्रह।
India became independent on
सही विकल्प: B — 15 August 1947
15 August 1947 is Independence Day; 26 January 1950 is Republic Day. / 15 अगस्त 1947 स्वतंत्रता दिवस।
World War I began in
सही विकल्प: B — 1914
The war ran 1914–1918 after the assassination at Sarajevo and alliance mobilisation. / 1914–1918।
The Second World War in Europe is commonly dated from Germany’s invasion of
सही विकल्प: B — Poland / पोलैंड
1 September 1939: Germany invaded Poland; Britain and France declared war. / पोलैंड पर हमला, 1939।
The Industrial Revolution first gathered speed in
सही विकल्प: B — Britain / ब्रिटेन
Eighteenth-century Britain combined coal, cotton mills, capital and colonies. / ब्रिटेन में कारखाने पहले फैले।
Which city was the capital of British India before New Delhi?
सही विकल्प: C — Calcutta / कलकत्ता
Calcutta remained the capital until the shift announced in 1911. / 1911 तक कलकत्ता राजधानी।
The two new dominions in 1947 were
सही विकल्प: B — India and Pakistan
The Indian Independence Act created India and Pakistan; princely states acceded later. / भारत और पाकिस्तान।
Gandhi’s first major satyagraha in India was in
सही विकल्प: B — Champaran / चम्पारण
1917 Champaran indigo peasants came before the all-India salt march. / चम्पारण 1917।
A historian treats a 1921 newspaper report as
सही विकल्प: B — A primary source of that time / उस काल का प्राथमिक स्रोत
Texts produced in the period under study are primary; later textbooks are secondary. / समकालीन दस्तावेज़ = प्राथमिक स्रोत।
Write any three political or economic causes of the 1857 revolt.
Doctrine of Lapse and annexations angered rulers (Jhansi, Awadh). Heavy land revenue and the ruin of many artisans created rural stress. Racial insult in the army and fear for religion added to the cartridge spark. / विलय, लगान, सेना-धर्म की आशंका।
What did “swadeshi” mean in the early twentieth century?
Using Indian cloth and goods, boycotting British cloth, and starting national schools and enterprises so political protest had an economic arm. After 1905 Bengal it became a mass habit, not only a slogan. / विदेशी कपड़ा छोड़ो, अपना बनाओ।
Give two ways the First World War affected India.
India sent soldiers and money; prices and taxes rose. After the war, repressive laws (Rowlatt) and the Punjab tragedy pushed many into the national movement. Some Indian industry grew when British imports slowed. / सैनिक-कर + राजनीतिक आक्रोश।
Why is 1947 remembered as both freedom and tragedy?
Colonial rule ended and a constitution-making republic began — but Partition split Punjab and Bengal, killed and uprooted millions, and left a long refugee and communal wound. History must hold both facts. / आजादी के साथ साम्प्रदायिक हिंसा और विस्थापन।
Why must a map and a memoir be read differently?
A survey map claims measurement but hides who ordered the survey. A memoir is one person’s memory, useful for feeling and detail, but biased. A good answer compares them instead of treating either as the whole truth. / नक्शा सत्ता का औजार; संस्मरण एक आवाज।
State two features of satyagraha as Gandhi explained it.
It is insistence on truth without hatred of the opponent, and a willingness to accept suffering rather than hit back. The aim is to convert, not crush. Mass breaking of an unjust law must stay non-violent. / सत्य + अहिंसा; दुश्मन से घृणा नहीं।
Was 1857 a mere sepoy mutiny or a wider revolt? Give arguments from more than one region.
It began in the Bengal army, so the “mutiny” label fits the first week. But in Awadh peasants and taluqdars joined; in Jhansi and Kanpur political leadership appeared; in Delhi a Mughal court was restored as a symbol. Artisans and some zamindars had economic grudges. It was not a modern nationalist party, yet it was wider than a barracks strike. Write both limits (south and west stayed quieter) and the spread in the north. / सेना से शुरू, अवध-झाँसी-दिल्ली तक फैला; पूरे भारत का एक दल नहीं था।
Compare Non-Cooperation (1920–22) and Civil Disobedience (1930–31) in aims and methods.
Both asked Indians to withdraw support from colonial rule and stay non-violent. Non-Cooperation boycotted councils, schools, courts and foreign cloth after Khilafat and Punjab. Civil Disobedience broke specific laws — salt first — and included raids on symbols like liquor shops; it drew peasants and women more visibly. 1922 ended after Chauri Chaura; 1931 paused with the Gandhi–Irwin talks. Aims overlapped (swaraj); methods shifted from boycott to open law-breaking. / बहिष्कार बनाम कानून तोड़ना; दोनों अहिंसक स्वराज।
Explain two political results of the Second World War for Asia and for Europe.
Europe: Germany’s defeat, occupation zones, and the start of the Cold War between the USA and the USSR; empires were too weak to hold old colonies cheaply. Asia: Japan’s collapse ended its occupation; independence movements in India, Indonesia and Vietnam gained speed; China moved toward communist victory in 1949. The United Nations (1945) tried a new forum after the League failed. / यूरोप में शीत युद्ध; एशिया में उपनिवेश ढीले।
How did colonial rule change Indian cities and the countryside? Give two points each.
Cities: ports (Bombay, Calcutta, Madras) grew as export points; new civil lines, railways and cantonments split “white” and “native” quarters. Old artisan quarters shrank when mill cloth arrived. Countryside: land revenue in cash, new property records, and commercial crops (indigo, opium, cotton) tied peasants to distant markets and debt. Famine policy and forest laws also remade village rights. Always add one human example (a weaver, a ryot) so the answer is not only a list. / बंदरगाह-रेल बनाम लगान-नकदी फसल।
Why did Partition accompany independence in 1947? Mention political and social factors.
The Muslim League’s demand for Pakistan, Congress’s insistence on a strong centre, and the British wish to quit quickly after the war left little time for a shared constitution. Communal riots from 1946 (Calcutta, Noakhali, Punjab) made many leaders accept a territorial split as the least-worst exit. Socially, rumours, local gangs and the collapse of police trust turned neighbours into refugees. Partition was not “inevitable from 1857” — it was the outcome of late-colonial politics plus violence on the ground. / लीग-कांग्रेस-ब्रिटिश जल्दबाजी + 1946 की हिंसा।
How should a Class 12 student use dates, maps and sources in a long UP Board history answer?
Open with a dated sentence (In 1930 Gandhi walked from Sabarmati…). Name one region on an outline map if the question allows (Champaran, Dandi, Punjab 1947). Quote or paraphrase one source type — a speech, a census figure, a photograph — and say what it cannot tell. Close with why the event still matters. Four short paragraphs beat one undated story. / तिथि + स्थान + एक स्रोत + महत्व।
MCQ पर टैप करें — सही हरा, गलत लाल। फिर “हल देखें” से वर्ष और उत्तर खोलें। पेपर टेस्ट से पूरा खण्ड अ/ब/स एक साथ करें।
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