Voice व narration · अपडेट सितंबर 2026
Active–Passive Voice — नियम और रूप
Active से Passive: tense के अनुसार be + V3, by-agent, let, double object। नियम हिंदी में, उदाहरण अंग्रेज़ी में — SSC 2026, GKSchools।
Active में कर्ता काम करता है: Ram writes a letter. Passive में कर्म विषय बनता है और रूप be + V3 हो जाता है: A letter is written by Ram.
SSC CGL/CHSL Voice में टेंस, modal, प्रश्न और आदेश बदलवाते हैं — निबंध नहीं। पहले टेंस पहचानें, फिर उसी टेंस का Passive फॉर्मूला लगाएँ।
अकर्मक क्रिया (sleep, go, die, arrive) का Passive सामान्यतः नहीं बनता। The rose smells sweet जैसे quasi-passive को is smelt मत बनाइए।
नियम
- Present Simple: is/am/are + V3। She writes a letter. → A letter is written by her.
- Present Continuous: is/am/are + being + V3। They are repairing the road. → The road is being repaired.
- Present Perfect: has/have + been + V3। He has finished the work. → The work has been finished by him.
- Past Simple: was/were + V3। Ram ate the mango. → The mango was eaten by Ram.
- Past Continuous: was/were + being + V3। She was singing a song. → A song was being sung by her.
- Past Perfect: had been + V3। They had completed the file. → The file had been completed.
- Future Simple: will be + V3। I will help you. → You will be helped by me.
- Modal: modal + be + V3। You must obey the rules. → The rules must be obeyed. Can → can be; should → should be.
- going to: is/am/are going to be + V3। They are going to open a shop. → A shop is going to be opened.
- Imperative: Let + object + be + V3। Shut the door. → Let the door be shut. या You are ordered/requested to shut the door.
- निषेध आदेश: Do not touch the wire. → Let the wire not be touched. / You are forbidden to touch the wire.
- Who: By whom + सहायक। Who wrote this letter? → By whom was this letter written?
- What/Which कर्म पर: What are you eating? → What is being eaten by you?
- People say / They believe: It is said that… / He is believed to be honest. People believe that he is honest. → He is believed to be honest.
- दो कर्म: He gave me a book. → I was given a book by him. या A book was given to me by him. दोनों शुद्ध।
- by + कर्ता तब छोड़ें जब कर्ता सामान्य हो (someone, people) या स्पष्ट हो: English is spoken in Australia.
- अकर्मक: He died yesterday. / She went home. Passive नहीं। सुझाव: The patient was operated on — preposition साथ रखें यदि क्रिया prepositional है।
- Infinitive: I want to finish the work. → I want the work to be finished.
- Perfect infinitive: She hopes to have completed it. → She hopes for it to have been completed — SSC में कम; मुख्य be+V3 रटें।
- get-passive बोलचाल है (He got injured)। पेपर में be-passive प्राथमिक: He was injured.
- वस्तु-क्रम: Active का object Passive का subject; सर्वनाम बदलें — I→me→I (subject), he→him→he, they→them→they.
- कोई नया टेंस मत बनाएँ: being और been साथ तभी जब continuous/perfect फॉर्मूला माँगता हो — is been written गलत है।
Active–Passive Voice — नियम और रूप — मुख्य तथ्य (2026)
| विषय | तथ्य / उत्तर |
|---|---|
| Active | कर्ता काम करता है |
| Passive मूल | be + V3 (+ by + agent) |
| Continuous Passive | being + V3 |
| Perfect Passive | been + V3 |
| Modal Passive | modal + be + V3 |
| आदेश | Let + object + be + V3 |
| Who | By whom … ? |
| नहीं बनता | अकर्मक: die, sleep, go, arrive |
परीक्षा टिप: पहले helping verb से टेंस पकड़ें; Continuous में being और Perfect में been न भूलें — SSC का सबसे आम कट।
लोग ये भी पूछते हैं
He has written a letter का Passive?
A letter has been written by him. Present Perfect = has/have been + V3.
Shut the door का Passive?
Let the door be shut. या You are ordered to shut the door.
सभी वाक्यों का Passive होता है?
नहीं। अकर्मक और कुछ state verbs (resemble, lack, weigh as measure) पर Voice नहीं चलता।