Tenses — बारह रूप और SSC जाल

टेंस समय और पूर्णता बताता है। हिंदी में हम अक्सर एक ही “है/था/गा” से काम चलाते हैं; अंग्रेज़ी 12 खाने माँगती है — Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous × Present/Past/Future।

SSC सीधे रूपांतरण कम, मिश्रित वाक्य अधिक पूछता है: जब दो भूतकाल हों तो पहले वाला Past Perfect, since/for के साथ Present Perfect, समय-उपवाक्य में will नहीं।

सूत्र रटने से बेहतर संकेत शब्द हैं: now/look! → Continuous; just/already/yet → Perfect; yesterday/ago → Past Simple; since 2019 → Present Perfect (Continuous)।

नियम

1. Present Simple: आदत, तथ्य, समय-सारणी। She writes every day. The sun rises in the east. The train leaves at 6.
2. Present Continuous: अभी/अस्थायी/निश्चित निकट भविष्य। He is reading now. I am meeting her tonight. Always+Continuous = शिकायत: He is always complaining.
3. Present Perfect: अनुभव या अभी-अभी पूरा, समय नहीं बताया। I have visited Agra. She has just left. I have seen him yesterday गलत।
4. Present Perfect Continuous: since/for से जारी। He has been working here since 2020 / for six years.
5. Past Simple: पूरा बीता, समय पता। I saw her last Monday. Gandhi returned to India in 1915 — इतिहास Past Simple।
6. Past Continuous: बीते समय की चलती क्रिया। I was taking a bath when the phone rang. पृष्ठभूमि Continuous, घटना Simple।
7. Past Perfect: दो भूत में पहले वाली। The train had left before we reached. After he had eaten, he slept.
8. Past Perfect Continuous: बीते बिंदु से पहले चलती अवधि। She had been teaching for ten years when she retired.
9. Future Simple: will/shall + V1। I will call you. अचानक निर्णय will; पूर्व योजना going to / Present Continuous।
10. Future Continuous: will be + V-ing। This time tomorrow I will be sitting in the exam hall.
11. Future Perfect: will have + V3। She will have finished the syllabus by March. by + भविष्य बिंदु।
12. Future Perfect Continuous: will have been + V-ing। In June he will have been working here for five years.
13. used to + V1: पुरानी आदत जो अब नहीं। He used to play cricket. would भी आदत के लिए, पर used to अवस्था भी कहता है: He used to be thin.
14. Time clause (when, before, after, as soon as, until, if): भविष्य के अर्थ में भी Present Simple। When he arrives, we will start. नहीं: when he will arrive.
15. since = बिंदु (2018, Monday, morning); for = अवधि (two hours, a decade)। I have known her since childhood.
16. Sequence: He said he was tired (Narration से जुड़ा)। मुख्य वाक्य Past हो तो subordinate भी पीछे — जब तक सार्वभौम सत्य न हो।
17. State verbs Continuous नहीं: know, love, own, consist, seem, remember. I remember the address.
18. Present Perfect बनाम Past Simple: Have you ever eaten sushi? (जीवन-अनुभव) Did you eat sushi yesterday? (तय समय)।
19. by the time + Past → मुख्य Past Perfect। By the time we arrived, the film had started.
20. going to: प्रमाण/इरादा। Look at those clouds; it is going to rain. will: वादा/राय। I will help you.
21. First conditional: If + Present, will। If it rains, we will stay in. If + will सामान्यतः नहीं।
22. Signal शब्द तालिका याद रखें: already/yet/just/ever/never → Perfect; while → Continuous; ago/last → Simple Past.

Tenses — बारह रूप और SSC जाल — मुख्य तथ्य (2026)

परीक्षा टिप: वाक्य में yesterday/ago दिखे तो have/has हटाकर V2 लिखें; since/for दिखे तो have/has (been) जोड़ें।

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